英语间接引语：规则、变化与例句

间接引语用于转述他人的话，而不逐字重复。它常见于对话、故事、会议、新闻和课堂。学习时可分别判断转述动词、时态、叙述视角和句子类型。

直接引语与间接引语

直接引语用引号保留说话者的原话；间接引语从新的视角传达意思。因此，时态、代词、所有格以及时间和地点表达都可能改变，这些变化取决于新的说话者、时间和地点。

间接引语的基本结构

陈述句常用“主语＋转述动词＋可省略的 that＋从句”。口语中常省略 that。say 不要求人称宾语，tell 则必须带人称宾语。句子较长时保留 that 会更清楚。

间接引语中的时态变化

转述动词为过去时时，转述内容的动词通常向过去退一步，这称为 backshift。一般现在时变一般过去时，现在进行时变过去进行时，现在完成时变过去完成时，will/can/may 常变为 would/could/might。过去完成时通常保持不变。 英语口语练习

不需要改变时态的情况

转述动词为现在时，或事实至今仍然成立时，可以保留原时态。情况仍未改变时，两种形式都可能成立：现在时强调现在仍然如此，过去时只报告较早的说法。实际交流中应选择能清楚表达时间关系的形式。

代词和所有格的变化

间接引语会改变叙述视角。先确定原说话者、原听者和现在的转述者，再按照新视角调整代词与所有格，不要机械替换。 英语会话练习

时间和地点表达的变化

转述发生在不同时间或地点时，today、tomorrow、yesterday、now、here、this 等表达可能变化。语境仍相同时不必改变，意义应当决定用词。

如何转述疑问句

间接疑问句使用陈述语序，不再使用直接疑问句的助动词倒装。特殊疑问句保留 where、when、why、how 等疑问词；一般疑问句使用 if 或 whether。整句为陈述句时不用问号。

如何转述命令和请求

命令和请求通常使用 told 或 asked＋宾语＋to＋动词原形。否定命令使用 not to。请求选择 asked，指示或命令选择 told，转述动词同时表达原说话者的目的和语气。

常用转述动词和结构

除 say、tell、ask 外，还可使用 explain、promise、warn、admit、suggest、agree。应把动词与其结构一起记忆，例如 that 从句、to 不定式或动名词，而不是把所有动词套入同一种结构。

在 CWC 运用间接引语

间接引语不只是书面语法，也是总结观点、复述故事、说明指示和报告小组决定的沟通技能。在 Columbia West College (CWC)，English Speaking Success (ESS) 每天安排80分钟 Speaking 课，口语练习量为普通听说课堂的6倍。ESS 还衔接 Grammar、Speaking、Reading & Writing，并通过每周展示练习清楚地组织和转述信息。

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常见错误

常见错误包括保留疑问句倒装、遗漏 tell 的宾语、在现在时转述动词后强行改变时态、忘记转换叙述视角，以及在 suggest 后误用 to。比较正确与错误例句，并在写作中检查这些模式。 英语写作练习

练习方法

把每个直接引语改写为间接引语，并说明时态、人称、时间表达、疑问语序或命令结构发生了什么变化。答案可能不止一种，因为代词和时间表达取决于谁在何时转述。

原文英语例句

• "Learn reported speech with clear tense, pronoun, question, command, and reporting verb rules, plus examples and practice exercises."
• "[[cwc-blog-thumb-reported-speech.jpg]]"
• "I am tired."
• "She said that she was tired."
• "I need help."
• "The test is tomorrow."
• "Where is the classroom?"
• "Maria said that she needed help."
• "The teacher said that the test was the next day."
• "Ken asked where the classroom was."
• "that"
• "He said that he was busy."
• "She told me that she liked the class."
• "They explained that the answer was incorrect."
• "That"
• "He said he was busy."
• "She told me she liked the class."
• "Say"
• "tell"
• "say"
• "She said that the lesson was useful."
• "She said to me that the lesson was useful."
• "She told me that the lesson was useful."
• "She told that the lesson was useful."
• "I work."
• "He said that he worked."
• "I am working."
• "He said that he was working."
• "I have finished."
• "She said that she had finished."
• "I visited MOCA."
• "She said that she had visited MOCA."
• "will"
• "would"
• "I will call."
• "He said that he would call."
• "can"
• "could"
• "I can help."
• "She said that she could help."
• "may"
• "might"
• "I may go."
• "He said that he might go."
• "I had already eaten."
• "She said that she had already eaten."
• "I enjoy the class."
• "She says that she enjoys the class."
• "Los Angeles is in California."
• "He said that Los Angeles is in California."
• "Mina said that she lives in Los Angeles."
• "Mina said that she lived in Los Angeles."
• "I like my class."
• "Maria said that she liked her class."
• "I will help you with your homework."
• "Alex told me that he would help me with my homework."
• "today"
• "that day"
• "tomorrow"
• "the next day"
• "the following day"
• "yesterday"
• "the day before"
• "the previous day"
• "now"
• "then"
• "this week"
• "that week"
• "last month"
• "the previous month"
• "next year"
• "the following year"
• "here"
• "there"
• "this"
• "these"
• "those"
• "I will meet you here tomorrow."
• "He said that he would meet me there the next day."
• "where,"
• "when,"
• "why,"
• "how,"
• "Where do you live?"
• "She asked where I lived."
• "She asked where did I live."
• "Why are you studying English?"
• "He asked why I was studying English."
• "if"
• "whether"
• "Do you understand?"
• "The teacher asked if I understood."
• "The teacher asked whether I understood."
• "She asked where the station was."
• "Did she ask where the station was?"
• "told"
• "asked"
• "to"
• "Open your book."
• "The teacher told us to open our books."
• "Please repeat the sentence."
• "She asked me to repeat the sentence."
• "not to"
• "Do not be late."
• "He told me not to be late."
• "Say,"
• "tell,"
• "ask"
• "explain + that-clause"
• "She explained that the schedule had changed."
• "promise + to-infinitive"
• "He promised to call."
• "warn + object + not to"
• "She warned us not to wait outside."
• "admit + gerund"
• "He admitted making the mistake."
• "suggest + gerund"
• "She suggested reviewing the lesson."
• "suggest + that-clause"
• "She suggested that we review the lesson."
• "agree + to-infinitive"
• "They agreed to meet after class."
• "She suggested me to study."
• "She suggested studying."
• "She suggested that I study."
• "He asked where was I going."
• "He asked where I was going."
• "She told that she was ready."
• "She said that she was ready."
• "She told me that she was ready."
• "He says that he needs help."
• "I finished my work."
• "Lina said that she had finished her work."
• "suggest."
• "He suggested to take a break."
• "He suggested taking a break."
• "I am reading a new book."
• "I visited The Last Bookstore yesterday."
• "Do you understand the rule?"
• "Why are you learning English?"
• "Please finish the exercise."
• "I will give my presentation tomorrow."
• "Ana said that she was reading a new book."
• "Leo said that he had visited The Last Bookstore the day before."
• "The teacher asked if I understood the rule."
• "Mina asked why I was learning English."
• "The teacher asked us to finish the exercise."
• "Carlos said that he would give his presentation the next day."
• "said"
• "Said"
• "Told"
• "She said that she was ready"

常见问题

什么是间接引语？

它在不逐字重复原话的情况下传达他人所说的内容。通常去掉引号，并可能改变时态、代词和时间表达。

时态一定要改变吗？

不一定。过去时转述动词后通常会改变；转述动词为现在时或信息仍然为真时可以不变。

said 和 told 有什么区别？

said 不要求人称宾语，told 必须带宾语。

如何练习间接引语？

听一段短对话，分别转述陈述、问题和请求，再对照原话检查时态、代词与时间表达。

把语法转化为自信的沟通能力。CWC 为学生提供转述观点、总结对话和用英语展示信息的系统机会。 英语语法规则指南 CWC, Los Angeles.