英语习语是指意义无法从单个单词中推断出来的短语。母语者在日常对话、工作、电影和写作中无时无刻不在使用习语,因此对于任何想要听懂并说出地道英语的人来说,学习习语至关重要。本指南将100个最常用的英语习语按类别整理,每个习语附有含义和使用例句。
若想以不同方式整理的更大集合,请参阅 English Idioms: Complete Guide with 200+ Examples。您也可以浏览 American English Idioms: Expressions Only Americans Use,了解地区特色表达。
日常生活中最常用的英语习语
这些是您在美式英语中每天都会听到的英语习语。掌握这些习语,能为您理解对话、电视节目、播客和日常写作打下坚实基础。
1. "Break the ice" — 在尴尬或陌生的社交场合开启对话。"He told a joke to break the ice at the party."(他在派对上讲了个笑话来打破僵局。)
2. "Hit the nail on the head" — 准确地描述正确或真实的事情。"You hit the nail on the head — that's exactly the problem."(你说得一针见血——那正是问题所在。)
3. "Piece of cake" — 非常容易的事。"The test was a piece of cake."(那次考试轻而易举。)
4. "Under the weather" — 感觉不舒服或生病。"I'm feeling a bit under the weather today."(我今天感觉有点不舒服。)
5. "Cost an arm and a leg" — 非常昂贵。"That car cost an arm and a leg."(那辆车贵得要命。)
6. "Let the cat out of the bag" — 意外地泄露秘密。"She let the cat out of the bag about the surprise party."(她不小心说漏了惊喜派对的事。)
7. "Bite the bullet" — 勇敢面对困难的局面。"I bit the bullet and asked for a raise."(我鼓起勇气要求加薪。)
8. "Once in a blue moon" — 极少发生。"We only go to that restaurant once in a blue moon."(我们难得去那家餐厅。)
9. "The best of both worlds" — 同时享有两种好处的情况。"Working from home gives me the best of both worlds."(在家工作让我两全其美。)
10. "Speak of the devil" — 当你刚谈到的人突然出现时所说的话。"Speak of the devil — we were just talking about you!"(说曹操,曹操到——我们刚才还在谈你!)
11. "A blessing in disguise" — 看似不好却结果良好的事。"Losing that job was a blessing in disguise."(失去那份工作原来是因祸得福。)
12. "Add insult to injury" — 使糟糕的情况雪上加霜。"To add insult to injury, it started raining after my car broke down."(雪上加霜的是,车抛锚后又开始下雨了。)
13. "Beat around the bush" — 回避主要话题,拐弯抹角。"Stop beating around the bush and tell me the truth."(别绕弯子了,直接告诉我实情。)
14. "Better late than never" — 晚做总比不做好。"You finally called! Better late than never."(你终于打来了!迟到总比不到好。)
15. "Call it a day" — 结束当天的工作。"We've been at this for hours — let's call it a day."(我们已经干了好几个小时了——今天就到这里吧。)
16. "Cut to the chase" — 不浪费时间,直接切入主题。"Let me cut to the chase: we need more funding."(我直说吧:我们需要更多资金。)
17. "Easy as pie" — 非常简单。"Setting up the app was easy as pie."(设置那个应用程序轻而易举。)
18. "Get out of hand" — 变得失控。"The argument got out of hand quickly."(争论很快就失控了。)
19. "Give someone the cold shoulder" — 故意无视某人。"She's been giving me the cold shoulder all week."(她整整一周都在冷落我。)
20. "Go the extra mile" — 付出比预期更多的努力。"He always goes the extra mile for his students."(他总是为学生们尽心尽力。)
21. "Hang in there" — 不要放弃。"Things are tough, but hang in there."(情况很艰难,但要坚持下去。)
22. "It takes two to tango" — 双方都有责任。"You can't just blame her — it takes two to tango."(你不能只怪她——一个巴掌拍不响。)
23. "Kill two birds with one stone" — 一举两得。"By biking to work, I kill two birds with one stone — exercise and commuting."(骑自行车上班,我一举两得——既锻炼身体又完成了通勤。)
24. "On the ball" — 机警、能干。"She's really on the ball with deadlines."(她在截止日期方面非常靠谱。)
25. "Pull someone's leg" — 开玩笑或戏弄某人。"Relax, I'm just pulling your leg."(放松,我只是跟你开玩笑。)
关于人际关系的常用习语
了解关于人际关系的习语,有助于您自然地描述性格、情绪和社交动态。
26. "A people person" — 喜欢与人交往且擅长与人相处的人。"She's a real people person — everyone loves her."(她真的很善于与人相处——大家都喜欢她。)
27. "See eye to eye" — 与某人意见一致。"We don't always see eye to eye, but we respect each other."(我们不总是意见相同,但相互尊重。)
28. "Stab someone in the back" — 背叛某人。"I can't believe he stabbed me in the back after all I did for him."(难以置信,我为他做了那么多,他竟然背刺了我。)
29. "Wear your heart on your sleeve" — 公开表达情感。"She wears her heart on her sleeve."(她总是毫不掩饰地表露自己的感情。)
30. "Get along like a house on fire" — 迅速成为朋友。"We got along like a house on fire from day one."(我们从第一天起就相处得非常好。)
31. "Actions speak louder than words" — 行动比言语更重要。"Don't just promise — actions speak louder than words."(别只是承诺——行胜于言。)
32. "Birds of a feather flock together" — 物以类聚,人以群分。"They're both into hiking — birds of a feather flock together."(他们都喜欢徒步——志同道合的人自然走在一起。)
33. "Burn bridges" — 破坏关系或断绝联系。"Don't burn bridges with your old employer."(不要和前雇主闹翻。)
34. "Get on someone's nerves" — 惹怒某人。"That noise is really getting on my nerves."(那个声音真的让我很烦。)
35. "Give someone the benefit of the doubt" — 尽管不确定仍选择相信某人。"Let's give her the benefit of the doubt."(我们就暂时相信她吧。)
36. "Have a heart of gold" — 非常善良的人。"He has a heart of gold — always helping others."(他有一颗金子般的心——总是帮助他人。)
37. "In the same boat" — 处于同样的困境中。"We're all in the same boat with this project."(在这个项目上,我们同舟共济。)
38. "Keep someone at arm's length" — 避免与某人走得太近。"She keeps new colleagues at arm's length."(她对新同事保持一定距离。)
39. "Rub someone the wrong way" — 让某人感到恼火。"Something about him just rubs me the wrong way."(他身上有些地方就是让我感到别扭。)
40. "Two-faced" — 口是心非,言行不一。"I don't trust her — she's two-faced."(我不信任她——她是个两面派。)
41. "Thick as thieves" — 形影不离的好朋友。"Those two have been thick as thieves since childhood."(那两个人从小就是铁哥们儿。)
42. "Turn over a new leaf" — 重新开始,改变行为。"After the move, he turned over a new leaf."(搬家之后,他洗心革面,重新做人。)
43. "Through thick and thin" — 无论顺境逆境。"They've been together through thick and thin."(他们不论顺境还是逆境都在一起。)
44. "A shoulder to cry on" — 倾听你诉说烦恼的人。"She's always been a shoulder to cry on."(她一直是我倾诉心声的对象。)
45. "Blood is thicker than water" — 血浓于水,家人情意最深。"He chose to help his brother — blood is thicker than water."(他选择帮助兄弟——血浓于水。)
46. "Hit it off" — 立即喜欢上某人并相处融洽。"We hit it off at the conference."(我们在会议上一见如故。)
47. "On thin ice" — 与某人处于危险或岌岌可危的关系中。"After missing deadlines, he's on thin ice with the boss."(多次错过截止日期后,他与老板的关系岌岌可危。)
48. "Bury the hatchet" — 化解冲突,握手言和。"Let's bury the hatchet and move forward."(让我们化干戈为玉帛,向前看。)
49. "The apple doesn't fall far from the tree" — 孩子往往和父母相似。"She's ambitious just like her mother — the apple doesn't fall far from the tree."(她和她妈妈一样有上进心——有其母必有其女。)
50. "Behind someone's back" — 在某人不知情的情况下,悄悄地。"They were talking about her behind her back."(他们在背后议论她。)
在 Columbia West College,来自20多个国家的学生通过每日对话练习学习英语习语。多元化的学生群体让大家在真实语境中听到习语的使用,而不仅仅是教科书里的例子,从而帮助习语真正入脑入心。CWC 每天80分钟的口语课提供了自然练习习语的理想环境。
商业和工作中的常用习语
职场英语中充满了习语。掌握这些英语习语,能让您自信地应对会议、邮件和办公室对话。
51. "Think outside the box" — 创造性地思考。"We need to think outside the box to solve this."(我们需要跳出固有思维来解决这个问题。)
52. "Get the ball rolling" — 启动一个过程。"Let's get the ball rolling on the new campaign."(让我们启动新的活动吧。)
53. "Back to square one" — 从头开始。"The client rejected our proposal, so we're back to square one."(客户拒绝了我们的提案,所以我们要从头再来。)
54. "The bottom line" — 最重要的事实或最终结果。"The bottom line is we need to increase sales."(总而言之,我们需要增加销售额。)
55. "Cutting corners" — 偷工减料。"We can't cut corners on safety."(我们不能在安全方面偷工减料。)
56. "In a nutshell" — 简而言之。"In a nutshell, we need more time and more people."(简而言之,我们需要更多的时间和人手。)
57. "On the same page" — 达成共识或有相同理解。"Let's make sure we're on the same page before the presentation."(演示前,我们先确认一下是否达成共识。)
58. "Raise the bar" — 设定更高的标准。"The new CEO wants to raise the bar for customer service."(新任CEO希望提高客户服务标准。)
59. "Touch base" — 与某人简短联系。"Let's touch base next week about the project."(我们下周就项目进展简短沟通一下。)
60. "Up in the air" — 不确定,尚未决定。"The timeline is still up in the air."(时间表还没有确定。)
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61. "Go back to the drawing board" — 从头开始重新规划。"The design didn't work, so we went back to the drawing board."(设计行不通,所以我们重新从头开始。)
62. "Put all your eggs in one basket" — 把所有的赌注押在单一计划上。"Diversify your investments — don't put all your eggs in one basket."(分散投资——不要把鸡蛋放在同一个篮子里。)
63. "A long shot" — 成功可能性很小的事。"Getting that contract is a long shot, but let's try."(拿到那份合同希望渺茫,但让我们试试。)
64. "Ahead of the curve" — 比别人更先进或更创新。"Their technology is ahead of the curve."(他们的技术领先于时代。)
65. "Ballpark figure" — 大约的数字。"Can you give me a ballpark figure for the budget?"(你能给我一个大致的预算数字吗?)
66. "Bring to the table" — 提供或贡献。"What skills do you bring to the table?"(你能贡献哪些技能?)
67. "By the book" — 严格按规定执行。"She does everything by the book."(她做事一切都按规矩来。)
68. "Call the shots" — 做决定,掌握话语权。"She calls the shots around here."(这里由她说了算。)
69. "Down the road" — 在将来。"We'll deal with that issue down the road."(那个问题以后再处理。)
70. "Game changer" — 从根本上改变局势的事物。"That new software is a real game changer."(那款新软件真的改变了游戏规则。)
71. "Get down to business" — 开始专注于工作。"Enough small talk — let's get down to business."(闲话少说——我们言归正传吧。)
72. "Keep your eye on the ball" — 保持专注。"Don't get distracted — keep your eye on the ball."(不要分心——保持专注。)
73. "Learn the ropes" — 学会如何做一份新工作。"It took me a month to learn the ropes."(我花了一个月才摸清门道。)
74. "Pull strings" — 利用影响力或人脉。"He pulled some strings to get the meeting."(他动用了关系才安排了那次会面。)
75. "Red tape" — 繁文缛节,过度的官僚程序。"There's so much red tape in the approval process."(审批过程中有太多繁文缛节。)
如何正确使用英语习语
了解习语的含义只是成功的一半。正确使用英语习语需要理解语境、语域和自然表达方式。以下是像母语者一样使用习语的指导原则。
了解语域
大多数习语属于非正式或中性语域——适用于对话、同事邮件和日常写作,但不适用于学术论文或正式法律文件。少数习语可以在正式场合使用(如"the bottom line"、"at the end of the day"),但大多数最好用于口语和非正式写作。
不要逐字翻译
习语在不同语言之间几乎无法逐词翻译。您的母语可能有表达相似概念的习语,但试图逐字翻译英语习语会让听众感到困惑,将母语习语直译成英语也会让英语母语者不知所云。请把每个英语习语作为一个完整的单元来学习。
使用完整短语
习语是固定或半固定的表达。改变单词通常会破坏习语。要说"break the ice",而不是"crack the ice"。要说"let the cat out of the bag",而不是"let the dog out of the bag"。有些习语允许小幅变化(可以说"hit the nail on the head"或"hit the nail right on the head"),但拿不准时,请使用标准形式。
根据语境匹配语气
即使习语在语义上合适,也可能在语气上不合适。"Kick the bucket"意思是死去,但它诙谐且不敬——在严肃语境中谈论某人的真实死亡时绝不能使用。"Cost an arm and a leg"是口语化表达;在商业提案中,应改说"require significant investment(需要大量投资)"。
按类别学习习语
将相关习语归类学习。例如,把表达困难的习语放在一起学:"an uphill battle"、"a hard nut to crack"、"no walk in the park"、"easier said than done"。这样建立关联网络,能在对话中更快地调出所需表达。
以下是剩余25个习语,完成我们的100个清单:
76. "Easier said than done" — 说起来容易做起来难。"Quitting sugar? Easier said than done."(戒糖?说起来容易做起来难。)
77. "At the drop of a hat" — 立刻,毫不犹豫。"She'll help you at the drop of a hat."(她随时都愿意帮助你。)
78. "Barking up the wrong tree" — 追求错误的方向。"If you think I took it, you're barking up the wrong tree."(如果你认为是我拿的,那你找错对象了。)
79. "Bite off more than you can chew" — 承担超出自己能力范围的事。"I bit off more than I could chew with three courses."(我同时选了三门课,把自己搞得应接不暇。)
80. "By the skin of your teeth" — 勉强,险些。"I passed the exam by the skin of my teeth."(我勉强通过了考试。)
81. "Cross that bridge when you come to it" — 等问题出现时再解决。"Don't worry about that now — cross that bridge when you come to it."(现在不用担心——到时候再想办法。)
82. "Don't cry over spilled milk" — 不要为无法挽回的事情而后悔。"The presentation is over — don't cry over spilled milk."(演示已经结束了——覆水难收,别再后悔了。)
83. "Every cloud has a silver lining" — 每一片乌云都有银色的边(否极泰来)。"I lost the job, but every cloud has a silver lining — I found a better one."(我丢了那份工作,但塞翁失马——我找到了更好的。)
84. "Get a taste of your own medicine" — 以其人之道还治其人之身。"He's always late, so when we started without him, he got a taste of his own medicine."(他总是迟到,所以当我们不等他就开始时,他尝到了自食其果的滋味。)
85. "Hit the road" — 出发,开始旅程。"It's getting late — let's hit the road."(天色不早了——我们出发吧。)
86. "Jump on the bandwagon" — 追赶潮流,随大流。"Everyone's jumping on the bandwagon with that new app."(每个人都在追那款新应用的风潮。)
87. "Keep your chin up" — 在困难时期保持乐观。"Keep your chin up — things will improve."(振作起来——事情会好转的。)
88. "Leave no stone unturned" — 不遗余力,穷尽一切可能。"We'll leave no stone unturned in our search."(我们会在搜索中不遗余力。)
89. "Make a long story short" — 长话短说,总结。"To make a long story short, we got the contract."(长话短说,我们拿到合同了。)
90. "No pain, no gain" — 一分耕耘,一分收获。"The workout is tough, but no pain, no gain."(训练很艰苦,但没有付出就没有收获。)
91. "On cloud nine" — 极度幸福。"She's been on cloud nine since the promotion."(自从升职后,她一直喜不自禁。)
92. "Play it by ear" — 随机应变,见机行事。"We don't have an itinerary — we'll play it by ear."(我们没有行程安排——到时候随机应变。)
93. "Ring a bell" — 听起来很熟悉。"That name rings a bell."(那个名字我有点印象。)
94. "Sit on the fence" — 骑墙观望,不做决定。"Stop sitting on the fence and choose a side."(别再骑墙了,选择一方吧。)
95. "Take it with a grain of salt" — 对某事不要太认真,半信半疑。"He exaggerates, so take his stories with a grain of salt."(他喜欢夸大,所以听他说的话要打个折扣。)
96. "The elephant in the room" — 显而易见却无人愿意讨论的问题。"The budget deficit is the elephant in the room."(预算赤字是大家心知肚明却都不愿提及的问题。)
97. "Throw in the towel" — 认输,放弃。"After months of trying, he threw in the towel."(经过几个月的尝试后,他选择了放弃。)
98. "Under the table" — 秘密地,通常是非法地。"They were paid under the table."(他们被私下付了报酬。)
99. "When pigs fly" — 永远不会(讽刺用法)。"He'll clean his room when pigs fly."(等他收拾房间,那得等到猴年马月。)
100. "Wrap your head around" — 理解复杂的事情。"I can't wrap my head around quantum physics."(量子物理学我怎么也搞不懂。)
想了解习语以外的重要表达,请浏览 English Phrases: Essential Expressions for Learners,并通过 English Vocabulary: Complete Learning Guide 全面提升词汇量。
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常见问题
10个最常用的英语习语是什么?
日常美式英语对话中使用频率最高的十个习语是:"break the ice"、"piece of cake"、"hit the nail on the head"、"under the weather"、"beat around the bush"、"cost an arm and a leg"、"let the cat out of the bag"、"once in a blue moon"、"the best of both worlds"和"speak of the devil"。这些习语在日常对话、电影、电视节目和非正式写作中出现极为频繁,理解它们几乎是听懂自然英语的必要条件。从这十个开始,然后逐步扩展。
如何在不死记硬背的情况下学习习语?
学习英语习语最有效的方法是在语境中反复接触,而不是死记硬背。听英语播客,看带字幕的电视节目和电影,阅读小说和新闻文章——当您遇到习语时,记下使用场景和说话者。然后在类似情况下自己尝试使用。对话练习尤其有效,因为您能听到习语被自然使用,并立即获得关于自己是否用对了的反馈。在CWC强化课程学习的学生反映,与来自不同背景的同学进行每日对话练习,能让习语在几周而非几个月内成为第二天性。
使用习语能帮助我听起来更流利吗?
是的,恰当地使用英语习语是流利度和自然英语的最明显标志之一。母语者无意识地频繁使用习语——研究表明,普通英语母语者在每次对话中都会用到几个习语。当您正确使用习语时,表明您对英语的理解超越了字面层面,具备文化理解力。然而,关键词是"恰当地"。过度使用习语或在错误语境中使用听起来会很不自然。先从少数几个有把握的常用习语开始,在合适的场合使用,然后随着熟练度的提升逐步扩展词库。
像母语者一样说话——探索CWC以会话为核心的课程。 Columbia West College 的口语强化课程让您每天在 Los Angeles 市中心与来自20多个国家的同学一起练习习语和自然表达。访问 columbiawestcollege.edu 开始学习。

