疑问词帮助说话者询问具体信息。 "Who" 询问一个人，"where" 询问一个地方，"why" 询问一个原因。词语的选择只是第一步。英语问题还需要正确的助动词和词序。
本指南解释了主要疑问词、"how" 组合、主语问题、介词和间接问题。每个部分都使用清晰的模式，因此您可以创建问题而不是记住固定的列表。有关其他练习，请参阅 daily English conversation 和 sentence structure。
什么是疑问词？
疑问词通常要求开放式答案，而不是 "yes" 或 "no." 主要集合是：
- "who" 一个人
- "what" 表示事物、行动或想法
- "when" 一段时间
- "where" 代表一个地方
- "why" 是有原因的
- "which" 可供从有限套装中选择
- "whose" 控球
- "whom" 在正式英语中表示人作为宾语
- "how" 表示方法、条件、程度或测量
尽管 "how" 以 "h." 开头，但它们通常称为 "WH-words,"
基本问题词序
常见的模式是：
疑问词+助动词+主语+主动词
- "Where do you live?"
- "What did she study?"
- "Why are they waiting?"
- "When has the schedule changed?"
- "How can I apply?"
助动词带有时态并与主语一致。主要动词通常在 "do," "does," 或 "did" 之后保持其基本形式：
- 正确："Where did she go?"
- 错误："Where did she went?"
如果 "be" 是主要动词，请将其移到主语之前：
- "Where is the classroom?"
- "Why were they late?"
"Who" 为人
"Who" 询问一个人：
- "Who is your teacher?"
- "Who did you meet at the activity?"
- "Who can answer the question?"
当 "who" 为主语时，语法发生变化。在 "Who called you?" 中，未知人员执行了该动作。不添加"did."
当"who"为对象时，使用普通辅助模式：
- "Who did you call?"
比较：
- 主题问题："Who helped Maya?"
- 对象问题："Who did Maya help?"
已知名词的位置揭示了差异。
"What" 代表事物、行动和想法
"What" 有多种广泛用途：
- 身份："What is this?"
- 动作："What are you doing?"
- 信息："What did the teacher explain?"
- 型号："What kind of music do you like?"
- 时间："What time does class begin?"
"What" 也可以出现在名词之前：
- "What program are you taking?"
- "What language does she speak?"
在Columbia West College（CWC），86.2%的受访学生表示口语是他们最想提高的技能。 English Speaking Success 就是为了满足这一需求而开发的。疑问词是口语练习的核心，因为开放式问题邀请学习者解释经验、观点和计划，而不是仅仅给出简短的是或否的答案。
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"When" 时间
"When" 询问时间、日期、期间或阶段：
- "When does the office open?"
- "When did you arrive in Los Angeles?"
- "When will the activity end?"
当您需要时钟时间时，请使用 "what time"：
- "What time does class begin?" — "At 9:00."
使用 "when" 获得更广泛的答案：
- "When does the next session begin?" — "In August."
"When" 还在语句中引入了时间子句： "Call me when you arrive." That 不是疑问句，因此不使用疑问词顺序。
"Where" 代表地点
"Where" 询问位置、出发地或目的地：
- "Where is the school?"
- "Where are you from?"
- "Where did the group go?"
- "Where should I submit the form?"
当 "where" 已经表示地点时，避免添加不必要的介词：
- 标准编辑英语不自然："Where are you going to?"
- 自然色："Where are you going?"
一些方言和会话上下文允许最终的 "at,"，如 "Where are you at?" 学习者应该在正式写作中使用较短的标准形式。
"Why" 的原因
"Why" 询问原因或目的：
- "Why are you studying English?"
- "Why did the class end early?"
- "Why should we revise this sentence?"
答案通常以 "because" 开头：
- "Why are you studying English?"
- "Because I want to communicate at work."
在完整的正式写作中，包括主句："I am studying English because I want to communicate at work." 简短的 "because" 答案在对话中很自然。
"Why not?" 可以建议一项行动或询问为什么一项行动不可能：
- "Why not practice together?"
- "Why can't we meet tomorrow?"
"Which" 有限选择
"Which" 要求听众从已知或有限的集合中进行选择：
- "Which class are you taking, morning or evening?"
- "Which route is faster?"
- "Which of these examples is correct?"
"What" 更广泛：
- "What language do you want to learn?" 可能的集合已打开。
- "Which language do you want to study, English or Spanish?" 已说明选择。
在日常使用中，"what"和"which"有时会重叠。选择集的大小和可见性指导最自然的选择。
"Whose" 控球
"Whose" 询问谁拥有某物或与某物相关：
- "Whose notebook is this?"
- "Whose turn is it?" -"Whose presentation did you watch?"
不要将 "whose" 与 "who's." 混淆 "Who's" 是 "who is" 或 "who has" 的缩写：
- "Who's your teacher?" = "Who is your teacher?"
- "Whose book is this?" = 谁拥有这本书？
使用扩展测试。如果 "who is" 或 "who has" 适合，请使用撇号。
正式英语 "Whom"
"Whom" 是 "who" 的对象形式：
- 正式："Whom did you contact?"
- 常见："Who did you contact?"
在前置介词之后，"whom" 在正式写作中仍然很常见：
- "To whom should I send the form?"
会话英语通常将介词放在末尾并使用"who"：
- "Who should I send the form to?"
两种结构都可以是正确的。选择适合寄存器的一个。 pronouns in English 指南更广泛地解释了主语和宾语形式。
"How" 表示方法和条件
"How"询问方法、方式或条件：
- "How do you get to school?"
- "How did you learn that expression?"
- "How are you?"
- "How was the activity?"
预期的答案决定了含义。 "How do you get to school?" 可能会回答 "By Metro." "How was the activity?" 要求评估，例如 "It was enjoyable."
常见的 "How" 组合
"How" 与形容词和副词结合来请求测量：
- "how many" 用于可数名词："How many classes do you have?"
- "how much" 对于不可数的金额或价格："How much time do we have?"
- "how long" 表示持续时间或长度："How long have you lived here?"
- "how often" 频率："How often do you practice?"
- "how far" 距离："How far is the station?"
- "how old" 年龄："How old is the building?"
- "how soon" 表示活动结束前的时间："How soon can you begin?"
- "how well" 能力等级："How well do you understand the lesson?"
仔细匹配名词类型。说 "How many assignments?" 但 "How much homework?"
带介词的问题
在自然对话中，介词经常出现在末尾：
- "Who are you talking to?"
- "What are you looking for?"
- "Which class did she sign up for?"
正式写作可以将介词放在前面：
- "To whom are you speaking?"
- "For what are you looking?" 这种形式符合语法，但异常正式。
不要删除属于动词表达式的介词。 "What are you looking?" 与 "What are you looking for?" 具有不同或不完整的含义
间接疑问句
间接问题将信息请求放在一个较大的句子中：
- 直达："Where is the classroom?"
-
间接："Could you tell me where the classroom is?"
-
直达："When does class begin?"
- 间接："Do you know when class begins?"
嵌入问题使用陈述词序。不要颠倒主语和动词：
- 错误："Could you tell me where is the classroom?"
- 正确："Could you tell me where the classroom is?"
间接的问题通常听起来更有礼貌。 reported speech 指南包括报告问题的相关模式。
常见疑问词错误
不要将 "do" 添加到主题问题中：
- 错误："Who did call you?"
- 正确："Who called you?"
"did" 之后的主要动词不要保留过去式：
- 错误："Where did she went?"
- 正确："Where did she go?"
不要在间接问题中使用问题顺序：
- 错误："Do you know where does he live?"
- 正确："Do you know where he lives?"
不要将 "how long" 与 "how far." 混淆 "How long" 询问时间或长度。 "How far" 询问距离。
如何练习疑问词
选择一个熟悉的主题，例如学校、工作、食物或 Los Angeles。用每个主要单词写一个问题。然后用完整的句子回答每个问题。
接下来，将陈述转化为信息问题：
- 声明："Mina visited MOCA on Tuesday."
- 人："Who visited MOCA?"
- 地点："Where did Mina go?"
- 时间："When did Mina visit MOCA?"
最后，练习后续问题。如果合作伙伴说，"I went to the beach," 问 "When did you go?" "Who did you go with?" 和 "How was the weather?" 这将创建真正的信息交换。
常见问题
7 个主要疑问词是什么？
最常见的是 "who," "what," "when," "where," "why," "which," 和 "how." "Whose" 和 "whom" 也很重要。
为什么主题问题不使用 "do"？
疑问词本身填充主语位置，所以英语不加 "do," "does," 或 "did." 说 "Who called?"
"what" 和 "which" 有什么区别？
"What" 通常从开放组中询问。 "Which" 通常要求从已知或有限的集合中进行选择。
"whom"还在用吗？
是的，尤其是在前置介词之后和正式写作中。在日常对话中，"who" 常见于宾语位置。
为什么间接疑问句使用陈述顺序？
嵌入的问题作为较大子句的一部分。说 "Do you know where she lives?" 而不是 "where does she live."
强有力的问题可以创造更长时间、更有意义的对话。 CWC开发English Speaking Success86.2% 的受访学生认为口语是他们最想提高的技能。 Contact CWC在Los Angeles中学习日常口语练习。
