Blog
Category

英语被动语态：规则、例句与使用场景

英语被动语态：规则、例句与使用场景

被动语态把重点从动作执行者转向动作或承受者。在 "The email was sent yesterday." 中，邮件比发送者更重要。

被动语态并非总应避免。它自然出现在会话、学术写作、新闻、说明和商务沟通中。关键是根据表达目的选择主动或被动。

什么是被动语态

主动语态中，主语执行动作："The teacher explained the rule." 被动语态中，主语承受动作："The rule was explained by the teacher."

基本结构是 主语 + "be" 的适当形式 + 过去分词。需要说明执行者时可加 "by" + 执行者。"be" 表示时态和数，过去分词表示主要动作。不规则形式包括 "written," "sent," "made," "taken"。

CWC students practicing active and passive voice in a small-group class at the new Los Angeles campus

主动语态与被动语态

  • 主动："CWC students practice English every day."
  • 被动："English is practiced every day by CWC students."

强调学生时选择主动，强调英语或练习频率时可选择被动。先问：“读者应该先注意什么？”也可复习英语语法核心规则和清晰的句子结构。

如何构成被动语态

  1. 找到主动句的宾语。
  2. 把宾语移到主语位置。
  3. 按原时态选择 "be"。
  4. 把主要动词变为过去分词。

"The chef prepared the meal." 变为 "The meal was prepared by the chef." 执行者不明或不重要时可以省略。

没有宾语的不及物动词通常不能变被动。"She arrived early." 不能变成 "Early was arrived by her."

常见时态

  • 一般现在时："The room is cleaned every day."
  • 一般过去时："The room was cleaned yesterday."
  • 现在进行时："The road is being repaired."
  • 现在完成时："The report has been completed."
  • 将来时："The results will be announced."
  • 情态动词："The form must be submitted today."

主要动词保持过去分词，"be" 随时态变化。语法上可能但沉重的形式，如 "The road has been being repaired."，通常可改得更清楚。

何时使用

执行者未知："My phone was stolen."

执行者不重要："The form was submitted online."

强调过程："The mixture is heated for five minutes."

需要中立或正式语气："The policy was updated in June."

连接前文："The museum opened a new exhibit. The exhibit was designed by a local artist." 第二句从已知信息 "The exhibit" 开始，衔接自然。

CWC学生在The Last Bookstore讨论艺术品是如何创作的

何时避免

执行者重要且主动句更清楚时使用主动语态。"I completed the homework." 比 "The homework was completed by me." 自然。

需要说明责任时，不要用被动隐藏信息。"The project coordinator uploaded the wrong file." 比 "The wrong file was uploaded." 更有用。连续多个被动结构也会使句子沉重。

"by" 短语

只有执行者提供有用信息时才保留："The novel was written by George Orwell." 明显或无关的执行者可以省略。

"by" 表示执行者，"with" 表示工具："The window was broken by a child." / "The window was broken with a ball."

常见错误

  • 缺少 "be"：错 "The report completed yesterday." 对 "The report was completed yesterday."
  • 过去分词错误：错 "The email was send yesterday." 对 "The email was sent yesterday."
  • 与形容词混淆："The room was cleaned yesterday." 是动作；"The room was clean yesterday." 是状态。
  • 代词错误：错 "Him was invited." 对 "He was invited."
  • 主谓不一致：错 "The documents was signed." 对 "The documents were signed."

逐步练习

"The students completed the assignment." → "The assignment was completed by the students."

"The company updated the website." → "The website was updated by the company."

"Someone closed the door." → "The door was closed."

"You must return the books by Friday." → "The books must be returned by Friday."

Columbia West College (CWC)通过综合课程连接Grammar、Speaking以及Reading and Writing。English Speaking Success (ESS)每天提供80分钟口语课，练习量是普通听说课的6倍，学生能在真实表达中选择主动或被动结构。

{{lp-cta}}

在口语和写作中使用

日常会话中常见："The meeting was canceled."、"My bag was taken."、"We were invited to dinner."

尝试用被动语态描述熟悉的流程，再用主动语态重述，比较重点如何改变。ESS还安排每周演讲，帮助学生发展会话和专业公开表达。也可使用这些英语口语练习。

CWC学生在MOCA说明互动艺术品是如何展示的

编辑检查表

确认主语承受动作，"be" 时态正确，主要动词为过去分词，主语与 "be" 一致，并判断是否需要说明执行者以及主动语态是否更清楚。英语商务写作技巧可帮助检查清晰度和语气。

常见问题

被动语态在语法上错误吗

不错误。只有当它使句子不清楚、冗长或逃避责任时才成问题。

被动语态公式是什么

"be" 的适当形式加过去分词，例如 "The lesson was explained."

口语中可以用吗

可以。执行者未知、明显或不如结果重要时很常见。

如何识别

寻找 "be" 加过去分词，再判断主语是否承受动作。

准确语法来自有意义的使用。CWC连接Grammar、Speaking与Reading and Writing，并通过ESS提供每日口语练习。了解Los Angeles英语课程，请联系CWC。