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英语关系从句：who、which、that等用法

英语关系从句：who、which、that等用法

关系从句在一个句子中补充名词信息。在 "I met a student who speaks three languages." 中，"who speaks three languages"说明student。可先复习清晰句子结构指南。

什么是关系从句

关系从句是修饰名词的从属从句。"who"指人，"which"指物，"whose"表示所属，"where"指地点，"when"指时间；限定性从句中可用"that"指人或物。

A classroom entrance and CWC logo in the hallway of the new Los Angeles campus

限定性与非限定性从句

defining relative clause提供必要信息，不用逗号："The student who sits next to me is from Brazil." non-defining relative clause提供附加信息，要用逗号："CWC, which is located in Los Angeles, welcomes English learners." 后者不能使用"that"。

CWC学生走过The Last Bookstore图书隧道

何时可省略关系代词

关系代词在限定性从句中作宾语时可省略："The book I bought is useful." 作主语时不能省略："The student who called me is my classmate." 另见英语代词指南。

常见错误与练习

不要重复代词，如 "The book that I bought it is useful."；正确形式是 "The book that I bought is useful."。把两个短句合并，并找出先行词，也能提升英语写作技巧。

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用于真实交流

用"who"、"where"和"that"描述人物、地点与经历。CWC综合课程把Grammar与Speaking、Reading & Writing连接起来；ESS的Connection Questions和每周演讲帮助学生自然使用目标结构。也可复习英语语法规则。

CWC学生体验MOCA音频座椅展览

who、whom、which与that

人作从句主语时用"who"；"whom"是作宾语时较正式的形式，日常表达常用"who"。"which"指物或动物，"that"在限定性从句中可指人或物。

  • "She is the student who asked the question."
  • "The teacher who explained the rule was clear."
  • "The professor whom I contacted replied quickly."
  • "The professor who I contacted replied quickly."
  • "The person to whom I spoke was helpful."
  • "The person who I spoke to was helpful."
  • "This is the book which helped me understand grammar."
  • "The exercise, which took 20 minutes, was useful."
  • "The class that starts at 9:00 a.m. is full."
  • "The student that won the award gave a speech."

非限定性关系从句

它为已经明确的名词补充信息，要用逗号隔开，不能使用"that"。即使删除该从句，主句意思仍然完整。

  • "CWC, which is located in Los Angeles, welcomes English learners from many backgrounds."
  • "My classmate Ana, who speaks Spanish, helped me with the activity."
  • "The museum, which we visited on Friday, had a new exhibition."
  • "My notebook, that is blue, is on the desk."
  • "My notebook, which is blue, is on the desk."

whose、where与when

"whose"表示所属，"where"指地点，"when"指时间。正式写作中有时可换成"in which"或"on which"。

  • "I met a student whose pronunciation improved quickly."
  • "She is the writer whose essay won the contest."
  • "We visited a school whose programs serve international learners."
  • "in/at that place."
  • "This is the café where we studied."
  • "Los Angeles is a city where people use many languages."
  • "the café where we studied at."
  • "I remember the day when I gave my first presentation."
  • "Summer is a season when many students travel."
  • "This is the café in which we studied."
  • "I remember the day on which we met."

数量词与指代整个观点

"many of whom"、"two of which"等结构说明群体中的一部分。非限定性从句中的"which"也可指代前面整件事。

  • "none of which."
  • "The class has 15 students, many of whom speak more than one language."
  • "We completed five activities, two of which involved speaking."
  • "She completed her presentation early, which reduced her stress."

简化关系从句

主动关系从句有时可缩为-ing短语，被动关系从句可缩为过去分词短语。若意义或修饰对象不清楚，应保留完整从句。

  • "Students who attend the workshop should arrive early."
  • "Students attending the workshop should arrive early."
  • "The assignments that were submitted yesterday have been graded."
  • "The assignments submitted yesterday have been graded."
  • "The students who are in Room 4 are taking a test."
  • "The students in Room 4 are taking a test."

如何练习关系从句

把两个短句合成一句，从关系从句画箭头指向先行词。判断信息是必要还是补充，并检查逗号是否符合意义。

  • "I met a classmate. The classmate lives near campus."
  • "I met a classmate who lives near campus."

常见问题

"that"可以指人吗？

可以用于限定性从句，但写作中"who"往往更自然；非限定性从句不能用"that"。

关系从句帮助你准确连接信息。想在CWC把语法用于真实对话，请联系Columbia West College。