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英语主谓一致：规则、例句与常见错误

英语主谓一致：规则、例句与常见错误

subject verb agreement（主谓一致）是指主语和动词在单复数上保持一致。单数主语使用单数动词，复数主语使用复数动词。想先复习更广泛的知识，可阅读英语语法规则完整指南。

基本规则

一般现在时中，第三人称单数动词通常加“-s”或“-es”。

  • "The student studies every evening."
  • "The students study every evening."
  • "She watches English videos."
  • "They watch English videos."

“be”“have”“do”有特殊形式："I am ready." / "He is ready." / "We are ready."；"She has a question." / "They have questions."

A CWC teacher presenting subject verb agreement examples in a classroom at the new Los Angeles campus

找到真正的主语

离动词最近的名词不一定是主语。

  • "The list of vocabulary words is on the desk."
  • "The students in the evening class are preparing for a presentation."
  • "A box of old books was donated."

不确定时，可暂时删去主语和动词之间的修饰语："The list is on the desk." / "The students are preparing." 了解英语名词也能帮助你识别长名词短语的中心词。

复合主语

两个主语用“and”连接时，通常使用复数动词："Reading and speaking are important skills." 如果两个词表示一个整体，则可用单数："Macaroni and cheese is my favorite lunch."

使用“or”“nor”“either...or”“neither...nor”时，动词通常与离它最近的主语一致。

  • "Either the teacher or the students are presenting today."
  • "Either the students or the teacher is presenting today."

若句子听起来别扭，改写往往更清楚。

不定代词

“everyone”“someone”“anyone”“no one”“each”“either”“neither”在语法上是单数。

  • "Everyone needs time to practice."
  • "Each of the students has a notebook."
  • "Neither of the answers is correct."

“both”“few”“many”“several”是复数。“all”“some”“most”等则根据“of”后的名词判断："Some of the water is cold." / "Some of the bottles are empty." 也可复习英语代词。

数量、比例与度量

时间、金额和距离作为一个总量时，通常使用单数动词："Ten dollars is enough for lunch." / "Three hours is a long time to wait." 分数和百分比与“of”后的名词一致："Half of the cake is gone." / "Half of the cookies are gone."

"There Is" 与 "There Are"

“there”不是真正的主语，主语位于动词之后。

  • "There is a notebook on the table."
  • "There are three notebooks on the table."
  • "There have been several changes in the schedule."

口语中可能听到复数名词前使用“there's”，但标准写作应使用“there are”。

集合名词与标题

在American English中，“class”“team”“family”“company”等集合名词作为一个整体时通常用单数："The class meets at 9:00." 若强调成员，可改写为："The students in the class have different goals." 书籍、电影和课程标题也用单数："Great Expectations is a famous novel."

通过真实练习形成习惯

知道规则和在对话中迅速运用是两种能力。Columbia West College (CWC)通过整合课程连接Grammar、Speaking和Reading & Writing。English Speaking Success (ESS)每天提供80分钟Speaking课，口语练习量是典型listening and speaking课程的6倍。

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检查步骤：

  1. 标出完整主语。
  2. 暂时去掉插入短语。
  3. 判断主语是单数还是复数。
  4. 大声朗读修改后的句子两遍。
CWC学生在Los Angeles的The Last Bookstore使用英语

常见错误

错误："He study English after work." 正确："He studies English after work."

错误："The box of books are heavy." 正确："The box of books is heavy."

错误："Each of the lessons have a quiz." 正确："Each of the lessons has a quiz."

长句中要抓住中心主语："The main reason for the changes in our schedules is unclear." 可通过英语语法测试继续练习。

练习

  1. "Every student (need / needs) a clear goal."
  2. "The pages in this book (is / are) useful."
  3. "Neither the teacher nor the students (was / were) late."
  4. "Ten minutes (is / are) enough."

答案：1. "needs"；2. "are"；3. "were"；4. "is"。

CWC学生在Los Angeles的MOCA体验互动展览

常见问题

什么是subject verb agreement？

它是让动词在单复数上与主语一致的规则。

"everyone is" 还是 "everyone are"？

标准英语中，"Everyone is" 正确。

如何快速检查？

找到中心主语，去掉额外修饰语，再把主语和动词连起来读。

准确的语法需要在真实交流中反复使用。Los Angeles的CWC通过整合课程和ESS的大量口语训练帮助学生巩固英语。了解English Speaking Success，或联系CWC。