介词短语是英语中最常见的结构之一,几乎出现在你阅读或说出的每一个句子中。尽管使用频率极高,许多学习者仍难以正确识别和使用介词短语。理解介词短语的工作原理将提升你的写作水平,使你的语法更加精准,帮助你更清晰地表达自己。
本指南涵盖你需要了解的一切:介词短语是什么、它在句子中如何发挥作用、最常见的例子,以及需要避免的错误。无论你是在复习基础英语语法,还是在提高高级技能,掌握介词短语都至关重要。
什么是介词短语
介词短语是以介词开头、以名词、代词或名词短语(称为介词宾语)结尾的一组词。这个短语作为一个整体,修饰句子中的其他词或提供附加信息。
基本结构:
介词 + (可选修饰语)+ 介词宾语
例如: - "on the table"(介词:"on",宾语:"table") - "in the morning"(介词:"in",宾语:"morning") - "with my best friend"(介词:"with",宾语:"friend",修饰语:"my best") - "between the two buildings"(介词:"between",宾语:"buildings",修饰语:"the two")
介词短语有两种主要语法功能:
1. 形容词短语 — 修饰名词或代词,回答"哪一个?"或"什么类型?"的问题 - The book on the shelf is mine.(哪本书?架子上那本。) - The woman in the red dress is my teacher.(哪个女人?穿红裙子的那个。)
2. 副词短语 — 修饰动词、形容词或另一个副词,回答"在哪里?""什么时候?""怎么样?"或"为什么?"的问题 - She studied at the library.(她在哪里学习?) - We arrived before noon.(我们什么时候到达?) - He spoke with confidence.(他是怎么说的?)
理解这种区别有助于你准确分析句子并构建更清晰的句子。要了解这些结构如何融入整体画面,请参阅我们的英语语法规则完整指南。
常见介词(介词短语的开头):
| 地点 | 时间 | 方向 | 其他 |
|---|---|---|---|
| in, on, at | in, on, at | to, toward | with, without |
| above, below | before, after | from, into | about, for |
| between, among | during, until | through, across | by, of |
| beside, near | since, throughout | along, past | like, as |
| under, over | within | up, down | except, despite |
常见介词短语

英语中有数百个起固定表达作用的介词短语。将这些短语作为固定整体来学习,而不是每次都试图确定正确的介词,是提高流利度最有效的方法之一。
以下是按介词分类的最常用介词短语:
与"in"搭配: "in time," "in fact," "in charge of," "in common," "in detail," "in favor of," "in general," "in addition to," "in case," "in touch"
与"on"搭配: "on time," "on purpose," "on behalf of," "on the other hand," "on average," "on the whole," "on the way," "on foot"
与"at"搭配: "at first," "at last," "at least," "at once," "at risk," "at the moment," "at the same time"
与"by"搭配: "by accident," "by all means," "by heart," "by mistake," "by the way," "by yourself"
与"for"搭配: "for example," "for good," "for instance," "for the time being," "for sure"
与"out of"搭配: "out of breath," "out of date," "out of order," "out of the question," "out of practice"
与"under"/"with"搭配: "under control," "under pressure," "under the circumstances," "with regard to," "with the exception of," "without a doubt"
有关每个短语的完整列表(含定义和例句),请参阅我们的100+例句介词短语列表。
用这些固定介词短语来扩充你的英语词汇量,将帮助你在写作和对话中听起来更自然、更流利。
句子中的介词短语
单独理解介词短语很有用,但了解它们在完整句子中如何发挥作用,才能真正发展流利度。让我们来看看介词短语如何融入更复杂的写作和表达中。
单个介词短语: - The cat sat on the mat.
这里,"on the mat" 是一个副词短语,告诉我们猫坐在哪里。
一句话中有多个介词短语: - The students in the classroom studied for three hours without a break.
这句话包含3个介词短语:"in the classroom"(修饰students的形容词短语)、"for three hours"(修饰studied的副词短语)和"without a break"(修饰studied的副词短语)。
叠加介词短语: - The painting on the wall in the hallway of the museum is famous.
有时介词短语会串联在一起。每个短语修饰前一个短语的宾语:画在墙上,墙在走廊里,走廊属于博物馆。
句首的介词短语: - After the lecture, the students discussed the topic. - In addition to grammar, pronunciation requires daily practice. - During the summer, many international students enroll in intensive English programs.
用介词短语开头是在写作中增添变化、在主句前提供背景信息的常用方式。
修饰形容词的介词短语: - She is good at math. - He was tired of studying alone. - They were ready for the exam.
在这些情况下,介词短语补充形容词的含义。英语中许多形容词与介词的搭配是固定的,需要记忆。
正式与非正式语境中的介词短语:
正式:The report was submitted on behalf of the committee. 非正式:I did it on my own.
正式:The decision was made with respect to the new policy. 非正式:She made extra effort to help me.
在Columbia West College (CWC)这样注重口语的项目中,学生在正式和非正式两种语境下练习使用介词短语。CWC独特的English Speaking Success (ESS)项目通过多个层面实现这一目标:
- 每天80分钟的口语课,配合"Connection Questions"等练习 — 学生在自发的对话场景中练习目标语法结构,而非填空练习
- 综合课程 — 上午9点在语法课学到的介词短语规则,在上午10:30的口语课中立即得到练习,并在阅读与写作课中再次得到强化。一天内三次接触,每次在不同的语境中
- 每周演讲,学生有意识地融入正在学习的语法结构,同时培养专业沟通技能和日常口语流利度
想在语境中练习语法吗? CWC的强化英语项目将结构化语法教学与每日口语练习相结合,让介词短语用法等规则变得自然而然。探索CWC的项目。

介词短语的常见错误
即使是英语高级学习者也会在介词短语上犯错。以下是最常见的错误及如何避免。
错误1:使用错误的介词。
这是最常见的错误。许多介词短语是固定表达,介词不能随意替换。
- 错误:She is good in math.
-
正确:She is good at math.
-
错误:I arrived to the airport.
-
正确:I arrived at the airport.
-
错误:He depends from his parents.
- 正确:He depends on his parents.
困难在于介词的选择往往不遵循逻辑规则,这只是英语发展的方式。最好的方法是将完整的介词短语作为一个整体来学习,而不是仅凭意思来判断正确的介词。
错误2:添加不必要的介词。
英语中某些动词不需要介词,但学习者因为母语需要而添加了介词。
- 错误:She entered into the room.(在此语境中,"enter"不需要"into"。)
-
正确:She entered the room.
-
错误:We discussed about the problem.
-
正确:We discussed the problem.
-
错误:He reached to the top.
- 正确:He reached the top.
错误3:省略必要的介词。
反过来的问题也会出现——省略英语所需的介词。
- 错误:I listened the teacher.
-
正确:I listened to the teacher.
-
错误:She agreed my suggestion.
- 正确:She agreed with my suggestion.
错误4:混淆时间和地点中的"in"、"on"和"at"。
这3个介词遵循一般规律:
时间: - At 用于具体时间:at 3 p.m., at noon, at night - On 用于具体日期:on Monday, on July 4th, on my birthday - In 用于较长时期:in January, in 2026, in the morning
地点: - At 用于具体地点:at the bus stop, at the door, at 123 Main Street - On 用于表面:on the table, on the wall, on the second floor - In 用于封闭空间:in the room, in the car, in Los Angeles
错误5:介词短语悬空或位置错误。
介词短语应放在它所修饰的词附近,以避免混淆。
- 不清楚:She served cake to the children on paper plates. (是孩子们在纸盘上,还是蛋糕在纸盘上?)
-
清楚:She served cake on paper plates to the children.
-
不清楚:The man walked the dog with a red hat. (是男人还是狗戴着红帽子?)
- 清楚:The man with a red hat walked the dog.
在CWC,经验丰富的教师会在口语课进行中立即发现介词短语错误。纠正过程不仅仅是指出错误:
- 示范正确形式,让学生重复
- 建议更自然的介词选择的替代表达
- 以支持性方式纠正 — 目标是建立信心,而非制造焦虑
CWC所有教师至少持有学士学位和最少3年ESL教学经验,CWC还投资于每月的专业发展研讨会。即时反馈与积极学习环境的结合能防止错误成为根深蒂固的习惯。
错误6:以介词结束句子(何时需要注意)。
你可能听说过"不要以介词结束句子"的旧规则。在现代英语中,这条规则在口语和随意语境中已基本过时。"Who are you waiting for?" 是完全自然的表达。然而,在非常正式的写作中,对句子进行重组("For whom are you waiting?")可能更受欢迎。

{{lp-cta}}
常见问题
最常见的介词短语有哪些?
英语中最常见的介词短语包括 "in fact," "on time," "at least," "in front of," "because of," "in addition to," "on behalf of," "at the same time," "by the way," 和 "out of"。这些短语在口语和书面语的各种语境中频繁出现。以"in"、"on"和"at"开头的短语尤为常见。将这些高频介词短语作为固定整体来学习,比每次从规则构建更有效率。有关完整参考,请参阅我们的100+例句介词短语列表。
如何在句子中识别介词短语?
要识别介词短语,请找介词(如in, on, at, by, for, with, about, between, through, during)后面跟着名词或代词的结构。短语包括介词、介词与宾语之间的修饰语,以及宾语本身。例如,在"The book on the old wooden shelf is mine"中,介词短语是"on the old wooden shelf"——介词"on"、修饰语"the old wooden"和宾语"shelf"。一个有用的测试是问:删除该短语后,句子是否仍然语法完整?如果是,你很可能找到了一个介词短语。
一个句子可以有多个介词短语吗?
可以,句子中经常包含多个介词短语,语法上没有数量限制。例如:"The student from Brazil in my class studied at the library with her friends for three hours during the afternoon." 这一句话包含6个介词短语,每个都添加了关于谁、在哪里、和谁、多长时间以及何时的具体信息。在学术和专业写作中,含3或4个介词短语的句子极为常见。关键是将每个短语放在它所修饰的词附近,使句子保持清晰易懂。
掌握语法及更多 — Columbia West College的结构化课程通过综合课程将语法教学与每日强化口语练习相结合,每门课程相互强化。凭借30余年经验、ACCET最长5年认证、来自20多个国家的学生,以及为日语、韩语、泰语、葡萄牙语、西班牙语和法语母语者配备的多语言顾问,CWC提供你掌握英语所需的一切。带家具的学生宿舍起价$1,000/月(部分房间可欣赏Hollywood标志景观),免费签证咨询依托超过150年的综合顾问经验。超过60%的学生通过个人推荐入学——这证明CWC的体验确实有效。探索CWC的项目。

