连词虽然短小，却能连接单词、短语和从句，说明观点之间的关系。没有连词时，英语会显得断裂："I studied. I was tired. I finished the assignment." 使用连词后，关系更清楚："Although I was tired, I studied, and I finished the assignment."
本文讲解三类主要连词、标点规则、常见错误和练习方法。也可参考英语语法核心规则和英语句子结构。
什么是连词
连词连接语法成分：
- 单词："coffee and tea"
- 短语："in the morning or after work"
- 从句："I called her because I needed help."
"and" 添加信息，"but" 表示对比，"because" 说明原因，"if" 设置条件。因此，选择连词也是选择意义。
并列连词与FANBOYS
并列连词连接地位相同的语法成分。FANBOYS包括：
- "for" 原因："We left early, for the road was getting busy."
- "and" 添加："She studies grammar and pronunciation."
- "nor" 否定补充："He did not call, nor did he send a message."
- "but" 对比："The rule is simple, but the exceptions are difficult."
- "or" 选择："You can practice speaking or writing."
- "yet" 意外对比："The exercise was short, yet it was challenging."
- "so" 结果："The bus was late, so we walked."
连接两个独立分句时，在连词前加逗号："I wanted to join the class, but I had to work." 如果只连接单词、短语或共用主语的动词，通常不加逗号："I practiced speaking and writing."
从属连词
从属连词把从属分句连接到独立分句。"Because I was tired" 不能独立表达完整意思，而 "Because I was tired, I made a mistake." 是完整句子。
- 原因："because," "since," "as"
- 时间："when," "while," "before," "after"
- 条件："if," "unless"
- 对比："although," "though," "even though"
- 目的："so that"
从属分句在句首时，后面加逗号："If you practice daily, your sentences will become more natural." 独立分句在前时通常不用逗号："Call me when you finish the exercise."
关联连词与平行结构
"both ... and," "either ... or," "neither ... nor," "not only ... but also" 和 "whether ... or" 成对使用。两边应保持相同语法形式。
- "She wants to improve both speaking and writing."
- "The class is not only useful but also practical."
把每一部分直接放在所比较成分之前。使用 "either ... or" 和 "neither ... nor" 时，动词通常与距离最近的主语一致。
连接副词不同
"however," "therefore," "moreover" 和 "instead" 是连接副词，不是并列连词。
- 错："I studied the rule, however, I still made a mistake."
- 对："I studied the rule; however, I still made a mistake."
- 对："I studied the rule. However, I still made a mistake."
这种结构适合清晰的英语写作。
常见错误
不要同时使用 "because" 和 "so" 连接同一关系。错误："Because it rained, so we stayed home." 正确："Because it rained, we stayed home."
逗号不能单独连接两个独立分句。错误："I studied grammar, I still made mistakes." 正确："I studied grammar, but I still made mistakes."
不要把从属分句当完整句子。"Although the lesson was difficult." 应改为 "Although the lesson was difficult, everyone finished it."
"although" 后接分句，"despite" 后接名词或 "-ing" 形式："Although it was raining, we walked." / "Despite the rain, we walked."
如何练习连词
先组合两个短句。"The exercise was difficult." 和 "I finished it." 可写成 "The exercise was difficult, but I finished it."
再用不同关系表达同一情境：
- "I stayed home because it rained."
- "It rained, so I stayed home."
- "Although it rained, I went out."
Columbia West College (CWC)通过综合课程连接Grammar、Speaking以及Reading and Writing。English Speaking Success (ESS)每天提供80分钟专门口语课，口语练习量是普通听说课的6倍，帮助学生把连词规则转化为自然交流。
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编辑检查表
检查连词是否表达正确关系；两个独立分句之间的FANBOYS前是否有逗号；句首从属分句后是否有逗号；关联连词两边是否平行；拆成两个短句是否更清楚。
常见问题
三类主要连词是什么
并列连词、从属连词和关联连词。
"and" 前总要加逗号吗
不需要。它连接两个独立分句时使用逗号；只连接单词、短语或共用主语的动词时通常不用。
FANBOYS是什么
是 "for," "and," "nor," "but," "or," "yet," "so" 的首字母缩写。
怎样在口语中自然使用
给短回答添加一个原因、对比或条件，并参考英语口语练习。
语法只有用于真实交流时才有价值。CWC连接Grammar、Speaking与Reading and Writing，并通过ESS提供每日口语练习。了解Los Angeles英语学习，请联系CWC。
