run-on sentences是把两个完整意思连接起来，却没有使用正确标点或连接词的句子。问题不在长度：短句也可能错误，长句也可以完全正确。可先阅读英语语法完整指南和句子结构指南。
什么是run-on sentence？
independent clause包含主语、动词和完整意思。"I studied late I was tired."包括"I studied late."和"I was tired."。修改方法包括：
- "I studied late. I was tired."
- "I studied late, so I was tired."
- "Because I studied late, I was tired."
第一种分开事实，第二种表示结果，第三种强调原因。fused sentence没有标点；comma splice只用逗号，例如"The lesson was difficult, I understood the examples."。可改为"The lesson was difficult, but I understood the examples."。
四种可靠方法
使用句号："I missed the bus. I arrived late."；逗号加coordinating conjunction："I missed the bus, so I arrived late."；分号："I missed the bus; I arrived late."；或使用从属关系："Because I missed the bus, I arrived late."
在Columbia West College (CWC)，Grammar会与Speaking、Reading & Writing相连接。English Speaking Success (ESS)的整合课程帮助学生把规则用于真实交流。
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Transition words与检查
"However," "therefore,"和"nevertheless"不能只靠逗号连接两个完整句子。
- 错误："I studied hard, however I still felt nervous."
- 正确："I studied hard. However, I still felt nervous."
- 正确："I studied hard; however, I still felt nervous."
找出每个主语和动词，标记能独立成句的部分，再检查连接方式。朗读修改后的句子。这个过程也能提高综合写作能力。
练习与习惯
修改"The homework looked easy it took an hour."。答案可以是"The homework looked easy, but it took an hour."。
CWC在调查发现86.2%的学生最希望提高Speaking后创建了ESS。ESS每天提供80分钟Speaking class，口语练习量是普通listening and speaking class的6倍。"Connection Questions"鼓励学生自然、自发地使用target English。
长句与run-on sentence
"Although I was tired after work, I reviewed my grammar notes, completed the practice exercise, and asked my teacher about the mistakes that I did not understand."很长但正确；"I was tired I studied."很短却错误。
两种主要类型
fused sentence没有标点；comma splice只使用逗号。
修改方式会改变含义
"Mina wanted to practice. She called her classmate."分开动作；"Mina wanted to practice, so she called her classmate."表示因果。
如何在写作中寻找
找出主语、动词和能独立成句的部分，再检查连接。
常见原因
写得太快、每次停顿都使用逗号、刻意避免短句，都会产生错误。
更好的编辑习惯
每次检查一种错误，并朗读修改后的句子。
FAQ
长句一定是run-on sentence吗？
不是。关键是independent clauses之间的连接，而不是单词数量。
如何避免email中的错误？
每句集中表达一个主要信息，并检查含有多个主语和动词的句子。这也有助于提高商务写作。
清晰句子能让essays、emails和conversations更易理解。CWC通过整合课程把Grammar与交流实践结合。若想在Los Angeles学习英语，请联系Columbia West College。
